Nitration of Methyl Benzoate

Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Introduction: Nitration is an example of an electrophile aromatic substitution reaction, where nitro (NO2) group is being substituted for a hydrogen on an aromatic compound. This is achieved by the formation of the nitronium ion by protonation of nitric acid from sulfuric acid. The zirconium ion is a strong electrophile and can react with aromatic compound such as Methyl benzoate to form an arenium ion intermediate. The arenium ion is then depronated to reform the aromatic ring and yield the final product with the newly attached nitro group.Reaction: ? Table of Physical Contents: Procedure: Obtain an ice bath. 12 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid was gathered, cooled to 0 degrees Celsius, and put in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flash. Then 6. 1g of methyl benzoate was added. Then cooled in an ice bath to 0-10 degrees Celsius. A Pasteur pipette was used to add a cooled mixture of 4-mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 4-mL of concentrated nitric acid. ? Figure 1: H ow to properly use a Pasteur pipette The mixture was then swirled frequently and maintained a temperature of 5C-15C. Figure 2: Swirling the mixture After all of the nitric acid was added the mixture was then warmed to room temperature. After 15 minutes, it was then poured into a 250-mL. The solid product was isolated by suction filtration using a small Buchner funnel. ? Figure3: Labeled vacuum filtration ? Figure 4: Carefully scraping out the crystals A small amount of sample was saved and weighed. Results: ? Figure 5: NMR of the product ? Discussion/Conclusion: The melting point of the recrystallized product was 73-78 degrees Celsius.This was very accurate to that of the book. In this experiment, methyl benzoate went through an electrophilic substitution reaction to form Mehyl-m-nitro benzoate, where a NO2 group was added to the methyl benzoate in the meta position. Nitric acid is not a strong enough electrophile to react with the aromatic benzene ring, but the zirconium ion with t he positive charge on the nitrogen is a strong electrophile and can react with the double bond of the methyl benzoate. The experiment was an overall success.The H NMR data successfully confirmed that the experiment was done correctly. Substances Formula Weight g/mol Quantity Moles Used Mole Ratio Boiling Point Melting Point Density g/mL Concentrated Nitric Acid 63. 01 0. 5mL 1. 192 x 10^-2 N/A N/A 121 1. 5027 Concentrated Sulfuric Acid 98. 08 1. 6mL 3. 0 x 10^-2 N/A N/A N/A 1. 841 Ethanol 46. 07 2-3mL N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Methyl Benzoate 136. 15 0. 55g 4. 039x 10^-3 1 to 1 113-115 N/A N/A Methyl Nitro- Benzoate 181. 13 Product N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Life is an Echo

â€Å"Life is an echo; all comes back, The good, the bad, the false, and the true. So, give the world the best you have & The best will come back to you. † A man and his son were walking in the forest. Suddenly the boy trips and feeling a sharp pain he screams, â€Å"Ahhhhh. † Surprised, he hears a voice coming from the mountain, â€Å"Ahhhhh. † Filled with curiosity, he screams, â€Å"Who are you? † but the only answer he receives is: â€Å"Who are you? † This makes him angry, so he screams, â€Å"You are a coward! † and the voice answers, â€Å"You are a coward! †He looks at his father asking, â€Å"Dad, what is going on? † â€Å"Son,† he replies, â€Å"pay attention! Then he screams, â€Å"I admire you! † The voice answers, â€Å"I admire you! † The father shouts, â€Å"You are wonderful! † and the voice answers, â€Å"You are wonderful! † The boy is surprised, but still can’t unders tand what is going on. Then the father explains, â€Å"People call this ‘ECHO’ but truly it is ‘LIFE! ’ Life always gives you back what you give out! Life is a mirror of your actions. If you want more love, give more love! If you want more kindness, give more kindness! If you want understanding and respect, give understanding and respect. If you want people to be patient and respectful to you, give patience and respect!This rule of nature applies to every aspect of our lives. † Life always gives you back what you give out. Your life is not a coincidence, but a mirror of your own doings. What is your echo? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A good example would be how Maldives reacted in SAFF cup. They wanted Maldives to win @ any cost. Maldivians wanted it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦more than anything else †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. They said, this is our time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. and they proved they were right. I feel, that Maldivians forgot that there should be a limit to everything†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. They said, â€Å"football in mulhi gaumai faidhaa kodheynan. † Though its diffciult to think of any use football is to the country in general.The point I am talking about is life gives back what we give, what we want†¦. So we have to decide what we want out of life. Life Is An Echo What you send out – comes back. What you sow – you reap. What you give – you get. What you see in others – exists in you. Remember, Life is an Echo. It always gets back to you. As I have said in many previous posts: states of mind are contagious. If we had a state of mind meter and could measure how contagious it is, it wouldn’t be surprising when we discovered that when a person who is upbeat, positive, light-hearted and charismatic   enters into a room people’s moods and states of mind tend to lift.In the same manner when that same person is in a bad mood, full of discouragement and negativity people will tend to be pulled down†¦if they aren’t aware of how their thinking functions. I am sure you notice this when you come into the presence of someone who is either negative or up beat. If you are in a low mood, your spirit will be lifted and before you know it you are laughing, joking and seeing all the good in life. Or how you might be in a good mood and then you run into someone who is complaining, whining and miserable and within minutes, if not seconds, you find your good spirits lowered.When working with people, whether you are a parent, social worker, psychologist, manager or CEO, it is imperative to understand the powerful role of states of mind because your state of mind and quality of thinking you bring to the table in any given moment will not only determine your behavior and performance but it will effect those around you. When you make the link between your thinking and your state of mind you will begin to see why things turn out in life the way they do.In fact if you want to understand why things turn out the way they turn out in life for people you want to understand states of mind and you will begin to see the limitless power of state of mind. The state of mind that we operate from on a moment to moment basis essentially creates our experience in life. If we look out through our eyes and see a harsh, cold, difficult world that is exactly what we will get back and I am not talking about the law of attraction here. I am talking about the Principles behind human psychological functioning: Mind, Consciousness and Thought.If you are harsh and reactive to people they will respond in kind. If you come to a meeting agitated and distracted with your problems, worries and concerns on your mind, everyone in that room will be effected. Unknowingly they will take on your state. In the same way, if you come to that same meeting with a clear, open, carefree mind and ready to listen everyone will follow in kind to some degree. This is especially true with your kids, customers and employees. In low states of mind you are more reactive and in higher states of mind you are responsive.Imagine working for a company where your boss is constantly operating from low states of mind and leads with knee-jerk reactions? Imagine a family now. Imagine a work environment where the boss is responsive, light-hearted, and present. Which boss would you jump hoops through? Which boss would you want to work under? Now who would you want as your parent if you were a kid? Did your parents parent out of a reactive state of mind or responsive? The greatest gift we can give our children, our partner, our family, our loved ones, our employees is the gift of operating from the highest state of mind and being happy and present.If states of mind are contagious and we run around long faced, complaining about money, the weather, the world, politics we pass that on to our children and everyone we come into contact with. If you think that sacrificing your own ha ppiness and mental well-being contributes to your child’s happiness you are unwittingly teaching them to over ride their own innate mental well-being and happiness. What is worse is that they are growing up in a deprived environment as a result of your belief that you have to sacrifice your happiness and psychological functioning in the name of being a good parent.At best your kids may be a little bit happier than you were as they grew up, but usually they mimic what they were taught.. What is the message or lesson you are teaching your children and others when you are willing to sacrifice your happiness? Really stop and think about that. Your kids, your staff, your family wants and needs for you and I to be happy. Your happiness is the greatest contributing factor to having happy, emotionally healthy, secure children and later adults. I don’t mean ecstatic and euphoric, but sane, stable and content with the way we see life as we look out our eyes.They thrive in that e nvironment and when you are resolved that your happiness and mental well-being are your top priority and your circumstances, demands and situations won’t impact your committment to your well-being, you will pass that gift on to everyone you come in contact with. When you lose site of that and your thinking goes south you will suffer the consequences in broken relationships, broken marriages, disgruntled employees who have bad attitudes and your ability to influence and empower people will be all but lost.If you want to have confident, emotionally stable children without all the typical teenage rebellion, a great marriage, great relationships and employees who will jump through hoops for you, commit yourself to your own happiness and mental well-being. You take the lead and they will follow because it is that contagious! Take Away: If people are reacting to you in negative ways, notice what is on your mind. What thoughts are you running through your head. Are you agitated, gru mpy, irritable or distracted? Are you ruminating or dwelling on problems and issues?Check out your thinking and realize that happiness is an inside out job not the other way around. A good gauge to know your thinking is going south would be how you feel. If you feel any of the above thing, stop and check in with your thoughts. The body is such that whatever you think returns to us as a feeling and not the other way around. It is instant messaging of the brain. Regardless of what problems you are facing or what circumstances you find yourself in, you can be calm and at peace. You are the thinker, the artist. Each of us is given formless energy too work with and the form we create is what we call our life, our experience.When we focus, ruminate, analyze and process our problems we just get deeper into them and rarely do we find any lasting solutions. In fact, it is this mind set that keeps us reacting to life resulting in knee-jerk decisions, often keeping us stuck or taking us deeper . When we take our focus off of our worries, concerns and problems the solutions often come to us as insights and many times the answer is so obvious, but we couldn’t see it because we had our mind so preoccupied and blocked. This preoccupied and blocked mind will also cause issues in interpersonal relating.Slow down, let your mind settle and your thoughts simmer down and the jewels you are looking for will appear. Think about it. I read a story today that relates a story that applies to everything we do and become in life, and the causes for it. It starts off with a boy and his father hiking through the mountains. The father gets a little bit ahead and the boy slips and bangs his leg on a rock and yells, â€Å"Ouch! † Almost immediately he hears â€Å"Ouch† coming right back at him. A little startled he yells out to the mountains, â€Å"Who are you,† thinking it was someone mocking him.He gets the same response. He then yells, â€Å"You coward,† a nd just the same way it has been happening, he heard the same response! Getting more frustrated and about to burst into anger, he looks to his father and asks him, â€Å"What's going on? † His father just smiles and says, â€Å"Son, pay attention! † He then yells back to the mountain, â€Å"I admire you, You are a Leader, You are a champion, You can do anything! † With each phrase he received the same response in return. The boy looks and little confused so the father explains, â€Å"Son, people call this an ECHO but really this is LIFE.It gives you back everything you say or do. Life is a reflection of our actions! † If you want more live in the world, it first starts with creating more love in your heart. If you want more competence in your team or your employees, become more competent yourself. If you want more respect, give more respect. If you want all out massive success, help others to become successful. This relationship applies to everything, in all areas of life. Your life is not a coincidence†¦ it is a reflection of YOU! Two of the most sought after things in this world are TIME and MONEY! Making more money is the easy part.I can teach you how to create wealth, but you can never get more time. Wouldn't it be great if you could just figure out how to have both? I have†¦.. and can teach you how to do it as well. Stop Settling and Start Living! | Once a little boy in a fit of anger shouted at his mother that he hated her. Fearing punishment, he ran out of the house to the hillside & shouted into the valley,†I hate you, I hate you, I hate you†. The valley echoed back, â€Å"I hate you, I hate you, I hate you†. Startled, the boy ran back & told his mother there was a little boy in the valley saying he hated him. is mother told him to return & shout, â€Å"I love you, I love you†. The little boy did & this time he discovered there was a nice little boy in the valley saying, â€Å"I love you, I love you†. Remember, what you say coms back to you! | | LIFE is a MIRROR, as well as an ECHO. It gives back what you give. MAKE A DIFFERENCE I read a very inspiring article from a friend which made me think about the truth behind it. When you look at yourself in the mirror you see your real looks. That is why before we go outside of our room, we look at our face and overall appearance.Then either we change our clothes with a better one or we put something in our faces or change hairstyle just to look better. Life is a mirror. During our struggles for something, we find that whatever our input is, we get results according to what we had invested. It is not right for some people to expect wealth when they do not put their efforts to getting wealth. And it is not right for people to live in luxury when they do not have the means to to achieve it. Most importantly, it is not right for anybody to steal the property of somebody just to live up a good life. Life is an echo.When yo u say good things about your neighbor, he will in turn say the same things about you to other people. It is as if your words bounces back to you. So be careful because if you say anything bad about anybody, whether he heard it not not, you will have a bad image according to that somebody. What is bad about an ‘echo' is that whoever hears it, puts it back even if he is not guilty or he is not the object of that echo. We do not want to receive anything bad. So how do we make a difference. Simple, just follow the old adage, ‘do unto others as you would have others do unto you'.

Fair Price and Stock Valuation Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fair Price and Stock Valuation Techniques - Essay Example If the estimation above were accurate, the share would be said to be undervalued by the market. The Gordon’s growth model has several weaknesses that may make the estimates not to be perfectly accurate. The model used above utilized a trend over 5 years to calculate earnings growth; this does not give a precise estimate. The data applied in the estimation stock’s value is historical (up to December 2011), the market changes from that time may have affected the share prices. The model also assumes constantly growing earnings per share; this assumption is not realistic and may over value a stock. The information used by the market in valuing the stock includes past, present and future information, whereas the model only utilizes past data. (Stoltz, 2007).   stock-analysis-on.net. GlaxoSmithKline PLC (GSK) | Present Value of Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) [Online] (Updated 2012) Available at: http://www.stock-analysis on.net/NYSE/Company/GlaxoSmithKline-PLC/DCF/Present-Value-of-FCFF [Accessed On 6 November 2012] Londonstockexchange.com. gsk   glaxosmithkline plc   [Online] (Updated 2012) Available at : http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/summary/company-summary.html?fourWayKey=GB0009252882GBGBXSET0 [Accessed On 6 November

Critique of British Foreign Policy in Regard of Libyan Revolution 2011 Essay

Critique of British Foreign Policy in Regard of Libyan Revolution 2011 - Essay Example It also involves the analysis of the influence implied by the International community and the British Government. The Economy One of the interesting policies implored include the two primary sources of revenue for Libya’s transitional government being unfrozen assets and revenues from the oil industry. The role of the British Government and the international community become helping the Libyan authorities to develop the transparency and accountability mechanism necessary to ensure that the public finances in Libya are spent equally and in a rational manner.1 Another priority going forwards will be the development of Libya’s economy beyond its oil industry. In addition to creating employment, economic diversification is pertinent to ameliorating democratic accountability which is realized when a government is incapable of solely drawing on revenues accrued from natural resources for its income, but must also rely on the enterprise of its citizens. 2 Security Rival militi as continue to operate beyond the control of the National Transitional Council (NTC), in multiple areas including in the capital Tripoli. The holistic make-up of the nouveau transitional cabinet has unequivocally channeled it efforts towards ameliorating the sentiments of militia which gravitate towards their community/area being adequately represented at the decision-making table. The NTC’s declare interest in integrating militia into the defense forces of the state is indisputable in tandem with security concerns of the state. Concurrently, this will result in accomplishing the twin objectives of availing militiamen with opportunities for employment and bolstering the country’s underdeveloped security capabilities.3 The role for the British Government and the international community in Libya’s Domain is split in two. The assisting in the equipping and training of the Libyan security and the police force regardless of the fact that the NTC remains reticent to i nclude outsiders in its security affairs at the present state. The second part is assisting the Libyan authorities to secure the huge number of weapons including chemical weapons, which are unsecured.4 The Tripoli authorities are trying effortlessly to get the situation in the nation’s capital under control. An ultimatum has been issued to the brigades that insist that they should leave by 20th December. This was done in conjunction with the Tripoli Military council insisting that the streets would be barricaded if the external militias had not conceded by then. The NTC’s interim prime minister contradicted to the councils implying that confrontations were not the best way around the situation. Regardless of this, an announcement was made that a major militia group of freedom fighters alien to Tripoli had agreed to leave. He decided not to mention the identity of the militia group though leading to slight speculation on the validity of the statement.5 Others members of the interim government further portrayed their support for believing that militias could be persuaded to leave or disarm from the capital though this was made with no profound deadline. Future Role of Islamist movements in Libya The function of Islam in Libya’s public and political life is highly likely in its future structure. However, the aspiration for democracy in Libya is legit and almost no Libyan is interested in the entrenchment of a theocratic state.

European Union Law - Institutional Balance Essay

European Union Law - Institutional Balance - Essay Example Initially, the crusade was focused on centralizing the coal and steel industries of Europe for better control and protection. It was thus evident at the start that the reason for the amalgamation was economics which explains why the group was earlier created as the European Economic Community.1 Since the interrelations and interactions among the members of the community were embodied in treaties or equivalent covenants, there was a need for an adjudicatory body to ensure that the provisions and terms of those agreements between and among independent territories or jurisdictions were religiously kept and to see to it that the institutions and agencies under the Union formulate and execute acts and deeds which are legally in pursuance of those treaties and covenants. This led to the establishment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the year 1952. The tribunal is now one of the seven pillars of the European Union and its judicial authority cooperating with the courts of the member states.2 The coordination includes matters of interpretation of the relevant laws and rules. The most important sources of law are legislation and jurisprudence, also called case law or common law. In the case of the European Union, it key institutions have legislative powers. ... even without these law-making bodies, there are already several treaties between and among member states which have been in force and effect and which necessarily become components of European Union Law. Most of these legal agreements are now incorporated in the European Union Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and of the Treaty Establish the European Community. The European Council Treaty and Protocols which was amended by the Treaties: Merger Treaty, the several Acts of Accession, the Budgetary Treaties and others also form part of the European Union Law. Secondary legislations in the nature of regulations, directives and decisions issued and adopted by the European Council, as well as international agreements for and in behalf of the Union, are also included in the whole legal framework. It is worth to note that the European Council, known today as the Council of the European Union, is composed of the representatives of the Member States who hold ministerial lev el positions. While there is only one Council, it is not a fixed institution and its designation and membership depend on the subject matter then at hand. Hence, if the issue then prevailing is about agriculture, the respective agriculture ministers will be the participants and the body will then be called the Agricultural Council.3 There can therefore also be a Council of Foreign Affairs, or of Finance, or of Home Affairs, etc. It is likewise important to observe that institutional balance is of fundamental significance in the political sphere of the European Union. No less than the key institutions of the union zealously advocate this kind of neutralization in order to conserve and maintain order, working harmony and decorum among all the branches and instrumentalities of the

Strategic management examination - case study of UK supermarkets and Essay

Tesco and the UK Grocery Retail Industry - Essay Example As noted in the previous question and also in sync with the case, it has been seen, that the Porter’s Five Forces also influence the companies to enter into the high street stores to a great extent and the below mentioned forces help understand the reasons to a great extent. Firstly, the barriers to entry are very low in this industry. Cost advantages can be minimized by smart outsourcing of production, and doing so can allow new entrants in the market with relatively little capital requirements. As seen in the case there are several small grocery stores that are being opened every single day on the high streets. These form a great threat to the super markets. However, building an appealing brand image is crucial to success, and this is where new entrants may have difficulty. Additionally, acquiring the necessary distribution points may prove challenging as a newcomer, and so some obstacles do exist for newcomers. Secondly, considering the buyer power, the current period has h ad a number of issues with the buyer power of the nation. This is mainly due to the recession. However in the case of Tesco, the threat is relatively low as the company operates on providing the customers with ‘Everyday Low Prices’. Also, in the current markets, it is the consumers who dictate what will sell and what won’t – ultimately, if they disapprove of the item, then it will not be sold. Next the supplier power, as seen in the case, since there are many suppliers in the industry, and there is little room for forward integration or differentiated inputs as many of these suppliers outsource production to the same or similar factories. In this industry it is the end consumer who must accept the product for it to be successful, and with no shortage of competing brands, the supplier has a limited ability to control the market. In the case of Tesco again this is relatively low as the company does apart from the various brands also manufacture their own bra nds. Hence this gives them an edge and allows them to be able to cope with the supplier power. Also, the threat of substitutes is relatively low in this industry.

Buying Verses Renting A House - How Will One Choose Essay

Buying Verses Renting A House - How Will One Choose - Essay Example Possessing a home frequently binds up hundreds of thousands of amount that may be spended more securely and more profitably somewhere else over the next decade. And whilst property brokers or dealers might disgust to admit it, home possession engages its own descriptions of fling money away, like assets taxes and the costs of scrounging. The study illustrates main costs and profits of possessing and renting, together with tax breaks - and possessing a home nowadays is more luxurious than renting (The Economist, 2005, Issue 8416). There are perceptibly turnovers to home possessions further than the monetary criteria, like serenity and a feeling of constancy. Proprietors cannot have their home pulled away by a property-owner who has assured to shift back in. Owners can also alter the paint of their living room walls or place doors or windows without asking any authorization. Merge these paybacks with the contractual expenses of a house sale, and renting almost certainly does not make wisdom for most people who previously own their home and feel established in it. But the computation can look fairly diverse for those who are in view of moving anyhow or who do not up till now own a home. At the least, renters in bang markets, who frequently mourn that they are wasting wealth, should be familiar with that their option has as influential a financial justification as buying does at present. (The Economist, 2005, Issue 8416) In U.S a 1,000-sq.ft, two-bedroom apartment on the rental fee is for about $3,700 per month. Purchasing a comparable apartment cost approximately $1.1 million, which can decode into monthly expenses of $6,000 or accordingly. To evaluate the cost of renting, the analyst summed up monthly rent and renters' cover. For possessing, the analyst incorporated particular costs for home insurance, main repairs, assets taxes and credit payments, as well as the tax subtractions they generate. This evaluates that owning is more expensive every month; therefore purchasers are gambling completely on price admirations. (Buying Or Renting A House, Online, P1) But to countless people, the psychosomatic profits of purchasing are more or less not possible to conquer. Possessing makes them sense that they have attained a dream come true, or it gives them the protected sense that, if not anything besides, they have a concrete asset where they can slumber in darkness. These are pleasant thoughts, certainly. The question is how greatly they are meaningful to you. Advantages And Disadvantages - Buying Or Renting A House Breathing in one's personal home is an essential part of one's dream. However, scores of people hold fallacy about the monetary features of purchasing and possessing a home. It is for eternity healthier to purchase a house; paying rent is like driving money along the drain. For decades, such suggestion has confident communities to have a loan like mad to get on the possessions ranking at earliest. But as one observes around the world House prices are at present at very high levels in comparison to rents in a lot of parts of the world and at this time, it over and over again makes more monetary sense, particularly for first-time purchasers, to rent out instead. Home purchasers are liable to undervalue their cost. Formerly maintenance costs, insurance and

Communication essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Communication - Essay Example Consequently, one becomes alert to the fact that television viewing is a real addiction with dire consequences. Winn’s title, ‘Cookies or Heroin’ was definitely an effective strategy in grabbing the audience’s attention and propelling them to the end of the article. This strategy was perhaps the main strategy used in the text - comparison of television addiction to the worst type of drug addiction in history. Thus, Winn constantly reminded her audience of the adverse effects of television viewing. Conversely, the author of the video initially presented images to demonstrate that television viewing was an important part of family gathering. It was only half way through the slides that one realized that the author was being deliberately deceptive. The video began with a bombardment of images of families of all creed and races in front of a television watching mindlessly as individuals spoke nonsense over the tube. All the images merged to one main television where the main actor presented himself as a ‘preacher’ and pronounces that television viewing had taken over reading and every other godly activity known to man. The video ends with the ‘preacher’ giving life to his message by suggesting that we turn the television off in the midst of his sentence.

Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Communications - Essay Example Usually, target markets are set based on their â€Å"geographic location, their demographic and psychographic characteristics† (Koekemoer, 2004, p.1). Previously, different aspects of marketing communication like selling activities, direct marketing, sales promotion, Internet advertising etc were handled by experts of the respective fields. This generated lack of coordination and frequent inconsistency resulting in reaching target below the optimum level. Today, integrated marketing communication (IMC) is emerging where all kinds of communication and messages are properly coordinated with each other. Basically, IMC is proper integration of all communication tools to make them perform in harmony. Understanding consumer behavior is the primary objective of all marketers. Demand is created when consumers recognize need of a product and change of demand occurs when opportunities change. For instance, a person may prefer superior brands after a job promotion. After recognizing a brand, a consumer then looks for alternatives which may always be price based. For instance, a consumer may prefer quality over price. Consumers of products and services, and business customers all over the world are becoming increasingly accessible (Rosenbaum-Elliot et al., 2011, pp.6-8). Today, the management system is moving from tier system with managers becoming independent and without supporting services. This means managers today need to have full knowledge of marketing which is an ever changing process. The focus of marketing has shifted from acquiring new customers or retaining customers for life to selecting the right kind of customers. The emphasis is on discarding unprofitable customers while at the same time attracting and retaining the more profitable customers. There are many customers who do not remain loyal to any specific brand as they shift to other brands as soon

Variables Essay Example for Free

Variables Essay Problem recognition, info search, evaluation, purchase, post purchase role of marketing in these: 1. Geographic: dividing market into different geographical units Groups: nations, regions, states, municipalities, cities, neighbourhoods Eg customizing hotels and rooms to suit the location (beach vs city). 2. Demographic: dividing the market into groups based on demographic variables *consumer needs, wants and usage rates often vary closely with demographic variables Groups: age and life-cycle stage, gender, income, family size, income, occupation, education, religion, nationality Eg different products and appeals to different target:; gender for clothes; income for luxury goods. 3. Psychographic: dividing the market into groups based on social class, lifestyle or personality characteristics Groups: socioeconomic status, lifestyle, psychological/ personality traits, values Eg socioeconomic status has strong effect on preferences in cars, clothing, home furnishings, leisure activities, reading habits. 4. Behavioural: divide market into groups based on consumers’ knowledge of, attitude towards, uses for and responses to a product Groups: purchase occasions, benefits sought, user status, usage rate, loyalty status, buyer-readiness, attitude towards product Eg knowledge of product that affects the attitude towards it, way they use it, their responses to it  Markets consist of buyers, and buyers differ in one or more ways. They may differ in their wants, resources, locations, buying attitudes and buying practices.† (Kotler et al. 2007, pg.345) List and describe in detail the four major variables used for segmenting markets. For each of the four major variables list and describe three groups within that variable. Provide examples of your choice to illustrate your answer.

Enhancing Democracy Through Digital Communication Systems Media Essay

Enhancing Democracy Through Digital Communication Systems Media Essay In this essay, I aim to discuss whether the digital communication systems enhance democracy by offering greater access and participation to citizens as compared to traditional media. I will address this by defining the terms digital communication systems and democracy and exploring the differences in digital communication systems and traditional media and how these differences lead to enhancement of democracy on digital communication systems. Digital communication systems also known as network communication or new media simply refers to a constant reformulation of the relations between the media forms, interconnecting interpersonal communications established between different media in a network based on the interactions between users, mass media companies and, perhaps, regulators (Cardoso, 2011: 119). The digital communication system, as the name suggests, makes use of digital technology and devices and comprises of the Internet, mobile communications, and social media and so on. As compared to traditional media, such as the newspaper, radio and television, digital media offers more opportunities of democracy as it provides greater accessibility and allows for more participation by consumers. The arrival of social platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and others changed the Internet (Cardoso, 2011: 131). These social platforms have the most impact on how digital communication systems enhance democracy. ENHANCING DEMOCRACY THROUGH DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Firstly, content flow is less controlled over the Internet as compared to traditional media. Traditional media is still largely regulated by the state and/or media owners. Depending on the country, the media institution may be governed by the state or by private media owners. The owners of the institution direct the type of news that is broadcasted. Simply put within a specific old medium, people do not have many choices (Wei and Hindman, 2011: 220) An example would be the direction taken by media in Singapore. The media organisation in Singapore, MediaCorp, is owned by the Government and therefore, media is heavily regulated and news published will either be neutral or in favour of the Government. Not just with news, the types of programmes aired by MediaCorp are more conservative and slanted towards the Government (Seow, 1998: 183 194). Only through the Web are citizens able to express their views on the Government and its policies and receive and collect more diverse opinions from fellow citizens and not just a one-sided direction by the traditional media. With digital media, content on the Internet is available to almost everyone and anyone. There are limitations and regulations on the Web when it comes to content sourcing, however, with the advancement of technology; it is easily possible to get round that limitation and regulation. (Jin, 2011: 42) According to Bonfadelli, Wei and Hindman states that in contrast to traditional mass media, the new media such as the Internet provide much more diverse content and an unprecedented level of user controllability. The content supply on the Internet is not structured by journalists and is, therefore, heterogeneous and potentially unlimited (Wei and Hindman, 2011: 220). Jin gives an example of the criminal conviction of Conrad Black. As one of the most influential controllers of the global commercial media system, the conviction of Black confirms that people should not place all their trust in the mainstream media (Jin, 2011: 43) He explains that there is a need for the audience to produce alternative information sources and platforms for expression of their opinions. Only then will society be able to expand the avenues within interactive social networking and communication (Jin, 2011: 43). All the audience needs is a click of the button on their laptops or mobile phones and news and information will be readily available for consumption. A citizen from Australia can find out about happenings in Africa and be able to obtain viewpoints from different sources, and not just the one perspective that traditional media provides, all while on-the-go or from the comfort of his house. Secondly, audience participation helps enhance democracy as it becomes more active with the development of social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube as well as with the growth of blogs and forums. Consumers interact on these sites and get almost instantaneous response. The popularity of these sites also gives rise to citizen journalism, whereby the consumers become the producers, putting their content whether its their view on an issue or an original work of theirs onto the Web. The intent of this citizen participation is to provide independent, reliable, accurate, widespread and appropriate information that is required to strengthen the democracy (Riaz and Pasha, 2011: 90) All these forms of audience participation give voice to the issues of the world. The digital communication systems can have political impact on a country as well. A countrys laws and policies can be shaped as the citizens use of digital communications system changes. For example, some individuals and parties have taken to the Web for their presidential elections, such as the Barrack Obamas presidential campaign. Obamas successful online strategy in 2008, with the use of social networking sites saw Obama winning the election to becoming the President of the United States. With the elections on-going in the states now, President Obama has taken to social media again Reddit in particular. This time, Mitt Romney followed suit, taking over Twitter to gain foothold. Social media makes it easier for candidates to interact with the citizens and vice versa. Global Voices Online is an example of how audience participation online encourages democracy. According to its website, Global Voice seeks to aggregate, curate and amplify the global conversation online shining light on places and people other media often ignore. We work to develop tools, institutions and relationships that will help all voices, everywhere, to be heard (Global Voice, 2011). Global Voices Online acts as a platform for free, diverse and neutral voices (Riaz and Pasha, 2011: 90) and having more voices in the public arena can add to a more lively democracy (Riaz and Pasha, 2011: 93). These multimedia platforms have enabled new ways of bearing witness through technology and the ability to create media events; raise issues of aesthetics, cognitive distance or proximity as well as our ability to empathize and relate to human suffering (Jin, 2011: 124). This differs from traditional media where feedback and a consumers voice can only be heard if the media institution decides to broadcast it. Therefore, even traditional media institutions have jumped onto the Internet and social media bandwagon, inheriting the notion that it is important to keep abreast with of whats going on in the world so as to be not caught off-guard and be able to react accordingly (Cardoso, 2011: 120) Thirdly, the intercreative possibilities of social Web practices are leading to different kinds of representations and constructions of truth (Boler, 2008: 6). Boler explains the statement using the Persian Gulf War in 1991 as an example. She explains that one could not evidence the deceptions of television news spin easily as public archives could not be made, but now, information and sometimes, videos are easily accessible off the Internet that consumers now are able to easily determine what is factual and what is not. Consumers now demand and expect the truth. With the reach and accessibility of digital communications, political, education and the other institutions are pressured into doing the right thing and media institutions are pressured to report the truth. This is because citizen journalists have wrecked the stories about political corruption, police violence and other concerning issues to local and international communities (Riaz and Pasha, 2011: 92). It has become harder for the media, Government and any other corporations to get away when injustice has been done by them. An example would be China. After the Sichuan earthquake in 2008, China experienced an unprecedented openness in its media coverage (BBC News, 2008). Citizen journalism started flourishing as the Chinese media (were) instructed not to cover this kind of story, and a member of BBC and five other journalists were detained for a short time for approaching the parents (BBC News, 2008). This kind of story referring to articles on local corruption resulting in shoddy construction (BBC News, 2008). Unless a valid explanation was provided by the Chinese Government, talk on corruption causing the death of 87,000 citizens will not disappear. The Chinese Government then went to the extreme by sentencing activists who were investigating the cause of collapsing buildings to jail. The Chinese media might have avoided reporting on corruption and the cause of collapsed buildings, but it was not possible to stop citizen journalism from spreading like wildfire. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AGAINST DEMOCRACY The Internet could also become a double-edged sword as the freedom on the Web leads to misuse of the freedom and of the technology. As content become increasingly available to the public, piracy and copyright has become a major concern. The public now has free access to information and entertainment that previously had to be paid for. Now that its free, would the consumers want to pay for it? They do not, which is what led to the drastic increase in consumers downloading songs, videos and even e-books online through sites like LimeWire. In situations like this, the Internet does not enhance democracy but instead, undermines the value of the work by the original owner. CONCLUSION The digital communication systems have greatly impacted not just the media industry, but also on education, politics, cultural and social aspects. The consumers rely on the media to separate facts and tangible realities from assumptions and spin, to provide a reliable account of what is really going on (Hettiarachchi, 2011). Only with an unbiased and factual report will the consumers be able to form their own viewpoint. With less regulated content flow, audience participation on social media and the constant demand for truth, digital communication systems are increasingly enhancing democracy as compared to traditional media.

Sub-Saharan Civilizations Essay -- History, African Civilizations

The textbook has defined a civilization as a â€Å"sophistication of a peoples intellectual, cultural, and artistic traditions† (149). It continues to describe characteristics such as writing, the development of cities, as well as a state bureaucracy as a means of recognizing civilizations (149). These, while a general guide, do not and should not solely determine whether or not a society is a civilization as there are many other factors to take into account. Africa, for example, differed from Europe and Asia tremendously in organization, among many other ways (149). While many African societies did not consist of all these characteristics, many were literate and developed urban populations (149). The lack of state bureaucracy within an African society, or an absence of another characteristic alone, should not solely determine whether or not a society is a civilization (149). One must take other factors into consideration because the civilizations of one region, do not mimic that of others. The geographic location and make up of the African continent hindered Sub Saharan contact with the...

The Cold War :: American America History

The Cold War A war that has created controversy amongst two of the greatest world leaders, United States of America and The Soviet Union, is known as The Cold War. A dispute between once allied countries arose in the Post-WWII era. The United States and the Allied Powers faced many challenges at the end of WWII. America's policy was one that contained the spread of communism in Eastern Europe. Russia, under Lenin's rule called for a world revolution and brought the United States into it. It was not until after WWII, that the cold war really began, when the political power of the world shifted from the center of Europe to Moscow and Washington. The Cold War began after the collapse of Germany in May 1945(http://www.coldwar.org/indexrus.html). The creation of the cold war came from the disagreements for postwar Europe and the Far East. Each superpower, the United States, Britain, France and Russia had their own idea of how postwar Europe should look, and many of their ideas clashed. The Cold War arose not from one isolated event, but from the different ideologies and interests between the Soviet Union and the west. Also the Russian government was seeking revenge on the United States because the United States did not enter the war effort soon enough and that caused for more Russian casualties. After WWII After WWII, Germany was divided into four zones and occupied by Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Berlin itself was occupied by the western powers; however, it was surrounded by the Soviet zone. Between 1947 and 1948 cooperation between these powers broke down. The west decided to create a separate government in their zones. To prevent this, the Soviet's increasingly harassed the western traffic to and from Berlin. Russia was trying to spread communism, abolish democracies, and spread poverty. Thus creating the Berlin Blockade, which forced America to create the Berlin Airlift. This created a greater controversy between the United States. This controversy's caused spies to enter into the opposition's country. Russia V.S. United States The most visible part of the cold war was the arms race. Massive and expensive militarization movements, especially nuclear weaponry on the part of both nations involved caused a new psychology to develop. The theory of total destruction of the other country was based on three ideas. One: both nations have enough weapons do destroy the other, two: both nations can detect a first strike before it arrives, and three: both nations are able to respond adequately before they are hit by the first strike. The Cold War :: American America History The Cold War A war that has created controversy amongst two of the greatest world leaders, United States of America and The Soviet Union, is known as The Cold War. A dispute between once allied countries arose in the Post-WWII era. The United States and the Allied Powers faced many challenges at the end of WWII. America's policy was one that contained the spread of communism in Eastern Europe. Russia, under Lenin's rule called for a world revolution and brought the United States into it. It was not until after WWII, that the cold war really began, when the political power of the world shifted from the center of Europe to Moscow and Washington. The Cold War began after the collapse of Germany in May 1945(http://www.coldwar.org/indexrus.html). The creation of the cold war came from the disagreements for postwar Europe and the Far East. Each superpower, the United States, Britain, France and Russia had their own idea of how postwar Europe should look, and many of their ideas clashed. The Cold War arose not from one isolated event, but from the different ideologies and interests between the Soviet Union and the west. Also the Russian government was seeking revenge on the United States because the United States did not enter the war effort soon enough and that caused for more Russian casualties. After WWII After WWII, Germany was divided into four zones and occupied by Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union. Berlin itself was occupied by the western powers; however, it was surrounded by the Soviet zone. Between 1947 and 1948 cooperation between these powers broke down. The west decided to create a separate government in their zones. To prevent this, the Soviet's increasingly harassed the western traffic to and from Berlin. Russia was trying to spread communism, abolish democracies, and spread poverty. Thus creating the Berlin Blockade, which forced America to create the Berlin Airlift. This created a greater controversy between the United States. This controversy's caused spies to enter into the opposition's country. Russia V.S. United States The most visible part of the cold war was the arms race. Massive and expensive militarization movements, especially nuclear weaponry on the part of both nations involved caused a new psychology to develop. The theory of total destruction of the other country was based on three ideas. One: both nations have enough weapons do destroy the other, two: both nations can detect a first strike before it arrives, and three: both nations are able to respond adequately before they are hit by the first strike.

What is A Room With A View about? Essay example -- English Literature

What is A Room With A View about, in your opinion? What methods does E.M. Forster use to convey this message to the reader? A Room With A View is about the social change occurring in England in the early 20th century, post Queen Victoria's death. Darwin had just published his book on the theory of evolution which was the catalyst for the introduction of more liberal and secular ideas into a conservative and religious England. In order to explain this process of change, Forster likens it to the Renaissance, which is why it is significant that A Room With A View begins in Italy. The problem with a rapidly changing society is that members of that society do not necessarily know how to behave because the boundaries are changing and this is what Forster is trying to portray in A Room With A View. Every character in the novel can be categorised into one of two groups, the Victorian/Medieval characters and the 20th Century/Renaissance characters. Certain characters symbolise different periods. However, Forster is skilful enough to make these characters realistic which is why they are capable of contradiction; for quite a few characters, the reader believes that they belong to one of these groups but then their behaviour is suddenly contrary to that group thus confusing the reader as to what period they symbolise. For example Miss Bartlett is immediately perceived by the reader as a 'Victorian' because in the first chapter she refuses Mr Emerson's generosity because she feels it would be improper to accept. However at the end of the novel, the reader is made aware that Miss Bartlett purposefully does not interrupt a conversation between Lucy and Mr Emerson, perfectly aware that he could persuade Lucy to admi... ...es, where people believed in love, but despise those defied convention to marry for love. His novel is successful at doing this because it glorifies passion and impulsiveness; he mocks those symbolising convention such as Cecil, Mr Eager and Miss Bartlett and endorses those that represent love and liberalisation. Cecil doesn't just represent convention he also represents 'culture'. Lucy and George marry in the end to everyone's surprise because it is Forster's hope to encourage romance. Although Forster's novel is dealing with specific events occurring in English history it never the less remains a novel which is still enjoyed today because it deals with the universal theme that love conquers all. The characters are creations that live today just as they did as when the novel was first published, because they are so realistic and familiar to the reader.

Why Might The Enron Collapse Make A Good Play Accounting Essay

Question 10:Fix a concern study ( as if for senior direction ) on two of the followers. Use the Internet as a resource. Length about 200-300 words each excepting any appendices. Use right referencing and include a bibliography. a. Digital Dashboards. Include in your study definitions, types, history, benefits, disadvantages, and screenshots of illustrations and an account of how splashboards could be used to show corporate societal duty. OR b. Bounded reason in determination devising. OR c. Critically measure ‘predictably irrational ‘ ( Dan Ariely ) OR d. Why might the Enron prostration make a good drama ) ( Google Enron – the Play )Question 1:15-35:Formula position:In this exercising, we do n't cognize precisely how $ 78,000 in dealing ( a ) was paid. In this instance, we assumed that this money is account collectible. If it is paid by hard currency, the operating income for Cash BASIC would be $ 56,800 – $ 78,000 = $ -21,200, a loss of $ 21,200.2.From my position, the accrual footing should be considered as the step of Dr. Sanchez ‘s public presentation in 20X1. Because it includes all assets and liabilities looking in all minutess, while the hard currency footing contains merely hard currency which was used in this twelvemonth. So the accrual footing can reflect the efficiency of Dr. Sanchez ‘s concern more precisely than the hard currency BASIC. For illustration, in dealing ( vitamin D ) , $ 20,000 fee billed have been earned and we can merely see this money in the accrual footing but non in the hard c urrency footing. The authorities normally uses accrual footing for the income revenue enhancement intent in companies. In instance the authorities uses hard currency BASIC, it will be better for the companies in which hard currency BASIC is less than accrual basic. Normally these companies have little concern and different intents.Question 2:15-1, 15-3, 15-4, 15-13, 15-1615-1:The income statement ( besides called a net income and loss statement ) replies inquiries about company ‘s fiscal public presentation during a period of clip. The income statement provides information about a company ‘s net income or loss. The balance sheet ( or a province of fiscal place ) replies inquiries about concern ‘ fiscal position at a specific minute in clip. A balance sheet encompasses assets, liabilities, and proprietors ‘ or shareholders ‘ equity.15-3:A company ‘s income statement shows the net income or loss over a span of clip, while balance sheet is a snapshot of the fiscal position at an blink of an eye of clip. Therefore, the income statement is the major nexus between balance sheets. In add-on, the income statement = hard currency flow statement + balance sheet.15-4:â€Å" Net income is the difference in the ownership capital history balances at two points in clip † . This statement is erroneous because net income is the surplus of grosss over disbursals. There are other factors which affect the ownership capital history but non the net income, such as dividends or ownership investing.15-13:â€Å" Dividends are distribution of net incomes † . This statement is no n truly precisely. Although profitable operations create the ability to pay dividends, dividends are distributions of assets to shareholders.15-16:Ethical motives and unity are of import to comptrollers because they are the hallmark of the accounting profession. Accountants have to do users rely on their information. Furthermore, assurance in fiscal statements depends on the competency and unity of comptrollers and hearers.Question 3:16-A1:Formula ViewQuestion 4:15-42:Formula View:Inventories: $ 10,895.1 – $ 315.1 – $ 1,057.4 – $ 2,661.6 – $ 6,141.3 = $ 719.7 Entire Stockholders ‘ equity: $ 173.2 + $ 1,995.8 = $ 2,169.0 ( degree Celsius ) Entire liabilities: $ 2,317.8 + $ 681.7 + $ 4,507.0 + $ 1,219.6= $ 8,726.1 or $ 10,895.1 – $ 2,169.0 = $ 8,726.1Question 5:16-4:â€Å" Accrued depreciation is a amount of hard currency being accumulated for the replacing of fixed assets † . I think this statement is non rather precisely. Depreciation is an allotment of an historical cost to write off ( Horngren, 2008, p754 ) . Accumulated depreciation sum expresses merely the expired value of an plus and it is non hard currency or any other assortment of assets that can be used to purchase another plus.16-7:â€Å" To capitalise an sum spent means that it will non be charged as an disbursal † . I do n't hold with this statement. â€Å" To capitalise an sum means to enter it as an plus instead as an disbursal † ( Horngren, 2008, p732 ) . Therefore it will non be immediately charged as an disbursal but it will be charged as an disbursal when capitalized plus is used.16-8:â€Å" Good will may hold nil to make with the personality of the director or employees † . I agree with this statement. Harmonizing to Horngren ( 2008, p733 ) , â€Å" good will is the surplus of the cost of an acquired company over the amount of the just market values of it identifiable single assets less its liabilities † .16-16:The statement of hard currency flows illustrates alterations in hard currency grosss and hard currency payments of an organisation during a period. This statement shows the relationship of net income to alterations in hard currency balances. Furthermore, it reports pas hard currency flows in order to foretell future hard currency flows, evaluate direction ‘s coevals and usage of hard currency and find whether company can pay involvement, dividends and debts on clip ( Horngren, 2008, p740 ) .16-29:â€Å" Depreciation is an built-in portion of a statement of hard currency flows. † I do non hold with this statement. Depreciation is added to net income to calculate hard currency flow but it does non impact hard currency and it does non imply a cu rrent escape of hard currency ( Horngren, 2008, p754 ) .Question 6:16-56:Formula ViewQuestion 7:What went incorrect at One Tel?One Tel failed because of an expensive error, they failed to pull off receivables and liabilities. They spent excessively much clip on advancing and spread outing One Tel but non adequate clip concentrating on operation of the concern system. In 2000, One Tel spent $ 525.6 million on buying Australia spectrum licence in order to spread out their web and take the market from Optus. However there was a job with their system so they could non sell this web at its existent value, and it did non do net income. One Tel was cleared bank bill of exchange in 2001.What are the major fiscal studies?The major fiscal studies are: – Statement of finance public presentation – Statement of finance place – Statement of hard currency flow. – Mugwump Audit Report.3. Why are net incomes of import? Why is hard currency flow of import?Net incomes are of import because the function of capitalist economic system is to do a net income or travel out of concern. Net incomes show how a company operates efficaciously and productively every bit good as the return of investing. Cash flow is of import because it is one of the most primary grounds which make the concern fails. If companies want to better their concern and net incomes, they have to guarantee precise hard currency flow to do right fiscal programs.4. How did One Tel show a positive hard currency balance?One Tel showed a positive hard currency balance by the wages on sale volume. By advancing the selling, One Tel wanted clients to utilize more profitable services One Tel offered them.5. What are the features of a good internal control system?Harmonizing to the COSO ( Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ) , internal control can be defined as â€Å" a procedure, effected by an entity ‘s board of managers, direction and other forces, designed to supply sensible confidence sing the accomplishment of aims in the undermentioned classs: effectivity and efficiency of operations, dependability of fiscal coverage and conformity with applicable Torahs and ordinances. â₠¬  ( Internal Control-Integrated Framework, Executive Summary, 1992 ) The features of a good control system consists five cardinal constituents: The Control Environment: the most of import one because if sets the tone for the organisation, and contributes the ordinance and construction for the other constituents. Hazard Appraisal: used to place, analyse and manage relevant hazards to the accomplishment of aims. Information and Communication: used to place, gaining control, and exchange fiscal, operational, and conformity information in a timely mode in order to enable people to transport out their duties. Control Activities: included policies and processs that make certain direction directives are implemented. Monitoring-processes: used to measure the quality of internal control public presentation over clip. ( Internal Control-Integrated Framework, Executive Summary, 1992 )Question 8:17-11:â€Å" It is better to acknowledge good will than to compose up assets to their just market values † . In a amalgamate statement, we have to compose up assets to their just market values at the clip of the acquisition. However if it is possible, acknowledging good will can cut down the depreciation of the single assets.17-15:The two ratios which are multiplied together to give the pretax operating rate of return on mean entire assets are runing income per centum on gross revenues and entire plus turnover. The pretax operating rate of return on mean entire assets = runing income per centum on gross revenues * entire plus turnover.17-19:â€Å" If IBM had been forced to write off ( the package development cost of ) $ 785 million, its net incomes would hold been cut by 72 cents a portion. With IBM selling at 14 times gaining, write offing the cost might hold knocked over $ 10 off IBM ‘s portion monetary value. † The citation assumes that the ratio of monetary value net incomes is fixed. If the package development cost of $ 785 million, it means that there was a lessening in net income about $ 785 million, so the net incomes per portion was cut by 72 cents. Price gaining ratio is calculated by the market monetary value per portion / net incomes per portion. IBM monetary value gaining ratio is stable at 14 times and the net incomes per portion was cut by 72 cents are the grounds why the IBM ‘s portion monetary value reduced $ 10.17-20:Suppose the president of your company wanted to exchange depreciation methods to increase reported net income: â€Å" Our stock monetary value is 10 % below what I think it should be ; altering depreciation method will increase income by 10 % , therefore acquiring our portion monetary value up to its proper degree † . From my position, altering the depreciation methods is non a good manner. It can do income addition but it will make a incorrect value of the assets in the hereafter. Furthermore, we can non be certain that increasing reported net income will do the stock monetary value to lift, because the stock market does non wholly depend on the reported net income.Question 9:17-36Formula ViewQuestion 10:Digital splashboardsExecutive Summary This study provides inside informations about digital splashboards, includes the definition, types, history, benefits and disadvantages of digital splashboards. In add-on, it gives an illustration of digital splashboards screenshot every bit good as how splashboards could be used to show corporate societal duty. Introduction Digital splashboards play an of import function in direction information system as they are really utile to find the departmental public presentation of a company. Definition A splashboard is described as an executive information system which is easy to be read. Digital splashboards can be known as † existent clip visual image tools of critical concern indexs that help in determination devising † ( Dursteler, 2004 ) . They are the direction of all informations base within an organisation, so they can mensurate the departmental public presentation. Types There are three chief types of digital splashboards: stand entirely package applications, web-browser based applications, and desktop applications. History The thought of digital splashboards was based on the survey of determination support systems in 1970s. However, digital splashboards were appeared in the late of 1990s, with the rush of the web. Digital splashboard is one portion of Digital Nervous System concept which was developed by Microsoft in the same this period of clip ( From Wikipedia – Splashboards ) . Benefits There are many benefits of digital splashboards as they help directors command the varied sections in their companies. These are the other maps of digital splashboards: – Ocular presentation of public presentation steps – Identify and right negative tendencies – Measure efficiencies/inefficiencies – Generate elaborate studies demoing new tendencies – Brand determinations based on concern intelligence – Align schemes and organisational ends – Save clip over running multiple studies – Addition entire visibleness of all systems immediately ( From Wikipedia – Splashboards ) Disadvantages Digital splashboards measure the public presentation based on input informations of companies. Therefore, if the information is non precisely, there will be a bad consequence in the measuring of digital splashboards and it will do a bad determination. Companies have to pass money to keep their information system in order to guarantee that digital splashboards can roll up available informations from all sections. Screenshot As we can see, this is the screen shooting of digital splashboards, which illustrates the day-to-day gross revenues of an organisation in October 2003. We can see the sum of day-to-day units sold every bit good as the day-to-day cargos ( Dursteler, 2004 ) . How splashboards could be used to show corporate societal duty Splashboards monitor the public presentation of an organisation so it could be used to show corporate societal duty. Splashboards reflect the duty of an organisation which has to run into the community aspirations. Decision and Recommendations In decision, based on available informations, digital splashboards are really utile for organisations to supervise their concern public presentation and doing determinations. Digital splashboards should be used loosely in companies in order to assist companies develop in the right manner.d. Why might the Enron prostration make a good drama?Executive Summary The dislocation of Enron is really celebrated over the universe and there is a drama about this dirt. This study gives information about the history of Enron and the Enron drama, the accounting job which made Enron autumn and the lesson we can larn from this company. Introduction Enron Corporation used to be the most powerful American energy companies in Houston, Texas. However, the rapid prostration of Enron created a large dirt in the fiscal history. In 2009, the drama – Enron was written by the British dramatist Lucy Prebble, based on the Enron dirt. It won many awards for best new drama every bit good as best manager and best histrion ( From Wikipedia – Enron, the drama ) . So why might the Enron prostration make a good drama? History Enron was established in 1985 by the amalgamation between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth. There were about 21,000 employees in this company and it was one of the universe ‘s taking in electricity, natural gas, mush and paper. In 2000, it reported the grosss of $ 111 billion dollars. However, in the terminal of 2001, it collapsed so rapidly in an incredible manner. ( Healy and Palepu, 2003, p4 ) The prostration of Enron The autumn of Enron was started in August 2001, when CEO Jeffrey Skilling resigned for unrevealed grounds. After that, it fell into loss and debt. Finally, on December 2, 2001, the company declared bankruptcy. The accounting job One of the chief grounds why Enron collapsed is the accounting issues. Mark Jickling ( 2002, p3 ) , Coordinator Specialist in Public Finance Government and Finance Division, mentioned in his study that Enron ‘s operations and fundss position were non been shown clearly in the fiscal statements to stockholders and analysts. In late 2001, Enron recognized that some new concerns were non runing every bit good as expected. It had to sell its electric power works, Portland General Corp. , at a loss of $ 1.1 billion on October 5, 2001. ( Healy and Palepu, 2003, p12 ) With these accounting jobs, the Enron ‘s stock monetary value was halved while its adoption costs were increased. On November 28, Enron ‘s accepted to be acquired by its rival, Dynergy, in order to avoid bankruptcy. On November 28, Enron ‘s public debt was dropped to debris bond position, so Dynergy drew back. ( Healy and Palepu, 2003, p12 ) As a consequence, on December 2, 2001, Enron led for bankruptcy with its stock monetary value at merely $ 0.26. ( Healy and Palepu, 2003, p12 ) Lesson from Enron dirt The autumn of Enron in a short-time created a lesson for all companies in the universe. One of the most of import for all companies to do a concern viable is the direction of their fiscal coverage so companies can guarantee everything is right. The lesson from many fiscal errors of Enron made a good drama, Enron – the Play.Mentions:Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Committee ( COSO ) . ( 1992 ) . Internal Control- Integrated Framework, Executive Summary. www.coso.org. Juan C. Dursteler ( 2004 ) . Digital Dashboards. The digital magazine of InfoVis.net.Retrieved April 12th 2004 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.infovis.net/printMag.php? num=143 & A ; lang=2 Horngren, et Al. ( 2008 ) . Introduction to direction accounting ( 14th Ed. ) . Pearson: Prentice Hall Wikipedia – Splashboards. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dashboards_ % 28management_information_systems % 29 Wikipedia – Enron, the drama Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENRON_ % 28play % 29

Provide Leadership Across the Organisation

PROVIDE LEADERSHIP ACROSS THE ORGANISATION ASSESSMENT BY CHARLOTTE MCMANUS LEADER: The 14th Dalai Lama 1. INTRODUCTION The reason for selecting the Dalai Lama is because he has achieved many things in his life and is now considered amongst many researchers and writers, as one of the greatest leaders of all time. He has been a leader of a country, a religion, and more significantly, the leader of the spiritual world. He is a fascinating character that has experienced many difficult situations which increases the intrigue of this leader and the skills that he possess. He leads and promotes a way of life that encapsulates all humans, in all countries, of all religions, and uses very unique leadership skills, which will be very interesting to study. 1. 2BACKGROUND The Dalai Lama is a re-incarnation of a long line (13 before him) of â€Å"tulkus  (an enlightened Tibetan Buddhist lama/teacher) who descend from the  bodhisattva  Avalokitesvara†. The first Dalai Lama was Gendun Drup who lived in 1391 – 1474. Tenzin Gyatso was enthroned as the 14th Dalai Lama in 1940 when he was five years old, and assumed â€Å"temporal responsibility of Tibet† (www. alailamafoundation. org) when he was 15 years old. He experienced an invasion of Tibet by the Chinese and escaped into exile in India when he was 24, making him the first ever Dalai Lama ever to leave Tibet. The Dalai Lama has dedicated his life to promoting a world free of violence and suffering, where all nature can live in peace and harmony together, irrespective of nationality and religious beliefs. He believes that through meditation, compassion and the respect for all life, each person will achieve happiness and contentment in their life. 1. 3ACHIEVEMENTS The Dalai Lama has achieved many things in his life to date, including being awarded with one of the most recognised awards in the world in 1989; The Nobel Peace Prize, which is a true indication of his world-recognised contributions to promote peace. To achieve this award the Dalai Lama has spent his entire life striving to create a more peaceful environment for the human race, with a great focus on reclaiming human rights in Tibet. This mission has seen him travel all over the world, meeting with leaders of many countries presenting new initiatives and being relentless in his message and strength to resolve these issues. These include his appeals to the United Nations during his exile, in 1959, 1961 and 1965, which resulted in three resolutions being adopted by the General Assembly. In 1987 he presented the â€Å"Five Point Peace Plan† to the Congressional Humans Rights Caucus. This was an appeal to the US Congress for the restoration of human rights in Tibet and to announce it as a zone of peace, therefore stopping the dumping of nuclear waste in Tibet, as well as urging â€Å"earnest negotiations on the future of Tibet and relations between the Tibetan and Chinese people† (http://nobelprize. org). In 1989 he offered the â€Å"Middle Way Proposal† at the European Parliament, which was not accepted, however, the Dalai Lama again proposed this in 1996 and 1997, when a preliminary opinion poll was held and the policy was adopted by Parliament. In April 1991, Tenzin Gyatsu travelled to the US and met with George Bush, which ended a boycott with the nation, and also resulted in US Congress passing the â€Å"Tibetan Policy Act 2002†, formalising US support for dialogue between China and the Dalai Lama, and also providing funding to Tibet for development projects within the country. This was a very strategic decision ade by the Dalai to create a valuable relationship with one of the most powerful counties in the world, and also resulted in the US awarding the Dalai Lama with the highest civilian award, the Congressional Gold Medal, in 2007. Whilst negotiating with parliaments and congress worldwide, the Dalai Lama has rebuilt communities for those living in exile, set up educational, cultural and religious institutions all over the world to assist in maintaining the Tibetan culture and teach Buddhism. He still continues to lead a population of an estimated â€Å"500 million Buddhists worldwide† (http://www. thedhamma. com). 1. 4LEADERSHIP CHARACTERISTICS It is very clear that the Dalai Lama’s objectives are to restore â€Å"equality, respect, trust and mutual benefit† (www. nobelprize. org) between Tibet and China. His concerns are for â€Å"all members of the human family† (www. nobelprize. org), and he has remained consistent and relentless in his message which has resulted in loyalty and dedication from his followers. Personal values are very important to this leader, and he sets a moral example to his followers, yet also during the most difficult situations he still appears to act rationally. For example, it is reported that â€Å"20% of the Tibetan population have died in combat with the Chinese† (www. dityabirla. com), yet he consistently acts with integrity, compassion and empathy, whilst remaining strategic and controlled in his negotiations with this nation. The Dalai Lama’s values and morals are what lead him; this encourages his followers to also align their values with his. He sticks to his principles of right conduct, and therefore sets a moral example to his followers, which results in their unwavering support for him and his cause. These values and morals have prevented the Dalai Lama from behaving violently when in a threatening situation as they are part of his psychological makeup, and moral reasoning. Theory Y is applicable in this scenario as the Dalai Lama leads on the premise that people are intrinsically motivated, meaning that how they feel will impact and influence them more than external motivation. Because of his spiritual strengths the Dalai Lama has developed the highest stage of moral reasoning, which as Kohlberg has expressed is not always possible. Whilst Gyatsu’s morals remain the most important driver in his leadership, his culture is also something he is very proud of and is something that he is consistently working to retain. This is evident through his part in the leading the development of towns of Tibetans in exile across the world that celebrate and acknowledge the Tibetan culture, in particular, Buddhism, which has also clearly driven his behaviours and attitudes towards life. There are numerous groups following the Dalai Lama’s Buddhist teachings, with followers travelling all over the world to get the opportunity to meet or listen to his teachings live. This group cohesion ensures reciprocal influence and maximises the influence of his messages, which is another reason why the Dalai Lama spends so much of his time travelling. He regularly visits these groups to minimise interpersonal conflicts between the groups. It also allows for new groups to form at each event, which results in the group development process repeating itself throughout the world. The Dalai Lama’s leadership is both authentic and servant leadership. He promotes self-awareness, openness and inclusivity within the human family, yet he also acts as a servant for the people of Tibet to fight for their right to live in peace. I would say that the Dalai Lama is a transformational leader who provides vision for his followers and inspires them to â€Å"embrace his vision† of peace and happiness for all. He allows them to dream of what they can achieve, then designs a way for them to achieve it, and then continues to develop it through initiatives and programs that allow the vision to materialise, as we have seen in section 1. 3 â€Å"Achievements†. 1. 5TYPE OF POWER Due to his position within the Buddhism community the Dalai Lama possesses referent power over his followers, this has developed over a long period of time, which has allowed his followers to witness his leadership skills and what he is prepared to experience/sacrifice for his beliefs. This has resulted in his following growing consistently over the past 70 years, as people trust, respect and love him, therefore increasing his influence and support. As it is believed that the Dalai Lama is a reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama he also possesses a level of legitimate power that has been passed down to him when he was enthroned as the 14th Dalai Lama. This legitimate power would only be relevant to those that believe in Buddhism, therefore believe in the concept of reincarnation. This legitimate power is not a power that the Dalai Lama exercises, as he claims that he is â€Å"a simple monk from Tibet, I am no one special† (Nobel Prize acceptance speech). This claim also contributes to the respect that his followers have for him and also helps them relate to him through his personalised leadership, resulting in stronger bonds being formed. The Dalai Lama is also a community leader, as he does not have position power from any country, and also has minimal resources to communicate his message through. He also possesses the skills to build social capital, as discussed above and mobilisation, through the travel he does all over the world to communicate with his followers. 1. 6PERSONAL TRAITS The Dalai Lama uses his personal traits to communicate with people more effectively, which in turn ensures he gains their trust and respect. He is often smiling at people, listens intently, and always maintains eye contact with the listening or speaker. He appears to be comfortable discussing all topics and never interrupts the speaker during conversation, but listens, encourages them to continue and then responds calmly. The Dalai Lama speaks three languages, Tibetan, Chinese and English. This ensures he can communicate and connect strongly with his fellow countrymen in Tibet. It is also important that he can communicate effectively with those that he has conflicts with, the Chinese. English is also a language he has learnt, as this is the most common language spoken in the Western world and therefore means maximum exposure of his message to those across the world. When people talk about their encounter with the Dalai Lama, many mention his insatiable laugh and kind smile that result in them â€Å"warming to him† (www. youtube. com) and instantly wanting to listen and absorb his message. It has been reported by some, that he possesses an aura that has an amazingly positive effect on a person and is communicated to the receiver purely through facial expressions, including eye contact. As these aspects of the communication process makes up 50% of the message, it therefore ensures clarity and understanding for the receiver of the message. . 7LESSONS TO BE LEARNT The Dalai Lama has a lot to teach those that analyse his leadership skills, but I would say that the most profound teaching is that you must connect with your followers, by gaining their trust and commitment. This can only be achieved by being consistent in your message, whilst acting with integrity, and providing your group or team with a vision, and assisting with achieving the fi nal goal through support and development of the vision. It is also important to leave regrets behind and take forward the lessons which have been learnt by past mistakes, which ensures group cohesion, therefore maximising the chances of achieving that goal or objective. To be a successful leder you must be passionate about achieving your objective, as this will be communicated to your followers, therefore encouraging loyalty and passion iin them, whilst inspiring them to achieve their goal. Mentoring is also another important aspect of leadership, as it ssists in the changing of behaviours and also encourages aspirations in the less experienced, whilst passing on valuable skills and lessons learnt from a more experienced leader. This has been apparent by the lessons and support that the Dalai Lama has received from many leaders around the world, including religious political and organisational, and also by the time he spent as a child learning about Buddhism and Tibetan culture. 1. 8CONCLUSION In conclusion, it has been very interesting and inspiring to read about this leader, i have learnt about many skills that are required to be a successful and inspirational leader. However, this spiritual leader may have many more skills that I believe cannot be duplicated without many hours of meditation and the study of his culture. Yet, this in itself highlights how effective the Dalai Lama is in communicating his message in relation to Buddhism, and how inspirational he really is.

Professional,ethical and moral issues faced by ICT users Essay

ABSTRACT This report is a study of computer ethics, morals and professional issues facing Information Communication Technology (ICT) users and its relevance to today’s society at large. This issues do not only face ICT users only but the world at large, because it may have effect positively and negatively. This report aims to build knowledge or enhance the understanding about ICT and its ethics, morals and professional issues. The report has identified and discussed the impacts of ethics, morals and professional issues facing ICT users and how this will have negative and positive effects on the users of ICT. The report concludes by discussing possible ways on how to solve this issues and what has been done to reduce this issues. INTRODUCTION According to (Anon., 2010) ICT is the technologies that makes people to be able to acquire information through telecommunications. It mainly focuses on communication technologies where people can communicate verbally and non-verbally. This includes the means of internet, wireless networks, cell phones, social networks and other innovated means of communication. Through ICT people can communicate from different countries and it has created a ‘global village’ in a situation where people communicate as if they living next door. Since users of ICT enjoy the easily life brought by ICT there are some issues faced by users of ICT which are ethical, moral and professional. This is through manipulating technology in a bad way to use or access information, due to such it brings up problems makes individuals to consider ICT in a more meticulous way. 1. ETHICAL ISSUES FACING ICT USERS (Kuzu, 2009) States that computer ethics is the change of studying involving facts, values, basis and policies due to rapid computer technologies. Whereas (T.Sembok, 2003) views ethics as the basic rules that humans ought to follow or do to refrain one from immoral acts such as stealing, fraud and murder. The good thing about ethics is that people are accountable for the choices and decisions they make. But the bad thing is that people may abuse their power and do bad things due to the human rights and do what best suits them. ICT aids the capability of humans to be able to capture, comprehend, keep process and destroy information at a vast speed and magnitude. (T.Sembok, 2003) Argues that the impact and changes due to ICT are not good. 1.1 Unemployment The rapid use of automated teller machines (ATM) has caused a drop in employment. This is due to the use of ATM’s to get money sent through cell phone from services like cell phone banking. The service of cell phone banking, one can send money to a person’s account through the pay to cell method and e-wallet. By this people no longer have to queue in lines to deposit money. But it is bad because people working at the bank lose out on their jobs due to people diverting to the innovated technology. It is a good approach by ICT because money can be sent instantly and collecting of money can be done anytime at ATM’s unlike collecting it at the bank which has stipulated working time. 1.2 Hacking Hacking computers is done by youngster this is because they have a complex understanding of cracking codes and hack into computers and become undetected. This is because they are taught how to use computers at a tender age. An example of this is when a boy called Michael Calce in February 8, 2000 when he took down big sites like yahoo. He said that his father bought hi a computer when he was six years old this typically shows that hacking is done by youngsters due to the fact that they are taught at young age. But it is good because they are being equipped with the knowledge on how to use computers. â€Å"December 29, 2001: A hacker intrusion on the Malaysian parliament website has reportedly generated criticism from some officials who claim the government has taken a slapdash approach to internet  security.† (T.Sembok, 2003) 2. MORAL ISSUES FACED BY ICT USERS Morals are rules that govern behaviour which actions are right and wrong. It is upon a person to choose a side which is right or wrong. The users of ICT use it in a wrong way like through: 2.1 PIRACY According to (T.Sembok, 2003) software piracy is the topic of conversation. Piracy is the unauthorized duplication of copyright content, the good thing about piracy is that people are able to purchase pirated goods at a lower price. But it has negative effects on the original producers of those goods like DVD, CD because their goods would not be bought due to the high price. So it entirely depends on the customers to do what is right or wrong for their interest. SOCIAL NETWORKING Social networking is one of the most innovations in the 21st century. The advantage of it is that one can be in touch with friends and families around the world. Business people can advertise their businesses in the social networks to get a variety of potential consumers. Most youngsters who use social networking in become addicted to Facebook, Whatsapp. They can spend a lot of their time on their gadgets communicating through the social networking hence ICT. This deprives their time of socialising physically and their school work. It also encourages cyber bullying because people can create fake accounts and use them to bully people which is bad. 3. PROFESSIONAL ISSUES FACED BY ICT USERS It is knowledge skills in a widely recognised body of learning derived from research, education and training at a high level. (T.Sembok, 2003) ict professionals sometimes face hardships (Gorniak-Kocikowska, 2006) CONCLUSION The report identified findings on ethical. Moral and professional issues facing ICT. On the ethical issue of unemployment due to innovation of ICT in bank services. Governments are trying by all means to try to find jobs for its people. They are trying to interlink technology and humans so that they  complement each other. These days there is internet security which protects ICT users to keep their computers safe from being hacked .this software protects computer users whilst browsing the internet to prevent it from being hacked. People are advised not to click pop ups in the internet as it is a way of hacking. But Michael Calce called mafia boy wrote a book on how he was able to hack the internet and how it is still vulnerable even though there is internet security. The title of the book is â€Å"How I cracked the internet and Why its still vulnerable†. He states that computer crime has changed from largely a matter of hackers seeking technical challenges to one of criminal s motivated strictly by money. The world international laws have put a stiff laws on piracy. Whoever is caught practising piracy will be severely punished also those who purchase pirated stuff. According to (Gorniak-Kocikowska, 2006) ICT can be used for ethical or unethical purposes. This is because the danger of ICT being used to harm humans is real.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Telecommunication

Communicating with patients The New Medicine Service (and MURs) provides a formal opportunity for pharmacists to communicate with patients on a one-to-one basis about their medicines and underlying medical condition(s). The NMS permits the interventions to be done either as a face-to-face appointment or via telephone. Careful consideration must be given as to which of these communication methods is adopted by the pharmacy as each method brings its own advantages and disadvantages. Although face-to-face communication would be the preferred method of conducting an intervention, it is likely that elephone interventions will be used by most pharmacies at some stage. This brief guide will help you and your staff communicate more effectively when using the telephone as part of the NMS. The words we use make up less than 10% of the way we communicate in a face-toface situation, with the way we say these words (paralinguistics) and body language making up the remaining percentage. When you a re dealing with someone over the telephone you cannot see them, which deprives you of most of the information you would normally have about the other person (body language, eye contact etc). Related article: Disadvantages of Aquatic PlantsYou can base your judgements only on the words you can hear and the way they are being said, which can sometimes present challenges. Advantages and disadvantages Some of the advantages and disadvantages of telephone communication are: Telephone communication Advantages of communicating by telephone: †¢ ofteneasiertoreachsomeonebyphone than by trying to arrange to see them in person; more convenient for patients †¢ morelikelytosucceedincontacting someone – especially if a time / date has been agreed (few people are able to ignore the telephone and leave it ringing) telephoneconversationsare,onaverage, shorter than face-to-face conversations as it’s easier to control the conversation and take the initiative. Disadvantages of communicating by telephone: †¢ it’smoredifficulttoestablisharapporton the telephone, as you don’t have all the visual signals that help you to get on the â€Å"same waveleng th† as the other person †¢ whenphoningsomeoneit’spossibleto intrude at an inconvenient time and not realise it †¢ it’seasytoassumethatyouhavetheother person’s undivided attention †¢ youaremorelikelytogetdistractedand let your attention wander itismoredifficulttoavoid misunderstandings – you cannot use visual behaviour to get feedback on whether your message has been understood or if there are things left unsaid †¢ somethingsareimpossibletocheckover the telephone such as inhaler techniques †¢ youaremorelikelytobelieveyoucando other things at the same time as using the telephone – DON’T! Voice matching Thefirstthreesecondsofaphonecall are important, as this is when the other person makes a judgement about the caller. When making an outgoing call listen to the pitch, speed, volume and tone of the other erson’svoicewhentheyfirstspeakandtry to â€Å"match† it. Matching is a good way of building rapport , which can otherwise be difficultoverthetelephone,andmakesthe other person feel more comfortable. Tips for effective telephone interventions Opening the conversation NMS intervention Introduce yourself clearly and ask to speak to the patient using their preferred title / name. Check it’s still convenient to speak to the patient. If the patient is concerned about disclosing sensitive personal information over the telephone and cannot besatisfiedthatthecallerisringingfrom he pharmacy he / she may contact the pharmacy directly instead. Explain in a clear, simple manner the purpose of the call – check the patient understands the nature of the NMS and the reasons for the discussion. Youshouldalsoconfirmconsentatthis stage. Inform the patient you will be asking a series of questions about their new medicines and that you will be making notes as you go along. Listen to the patient’s responses as you work though the questions – resist the temptation to interrupt . Demonstrate you are listening by making noises such as â€Å"um†, â€Å"yes†, and â€Å"really†.Use assertive behaviour to stay in control of the call – use open / closed questions as appropriate (open questions invite detailed answers whereas closed questions invite single word answers). Body language Body language, even though it can’t be seen, can affect our voice when on the telephone. Therefore, think about your posture whilst on the phone. If you are comfortable and relaxed your voice is likely to reflect this. Remember to smile – even though it can’t be seen it will be â€Å"heard† and you will sound friendly and assertive. If you are standing up whilst n the telephone this can also make you sound more assertive, and it is another way of ending a telephone call if you stand up during a conversation. Using a closed question for example is often helpful in stopping an enthusiastic patient digressing from appropriate line s of questioning. Do not rush through the call. Talk at the patient’s pace and pause after providing advice or offering solutions to a problem to allow the patient to air their views about this. Finally agree the time / date for any followup intervention. Remember to give the call your undivided attention!

Manufacturing Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Manufacturing Process - Essay Example One thing that I found interesting and unique is the upgrading to vision sensor applications system technology from sensor technology. The main aim of upgrading was reduction of expenses related with an unfinished manufacturing processes as well as increasing the manufacturing effectiveness and efficiency within the factory. Additionally, J&J installed a vision system aimed at maintaining the standards of each product the company manufactures. Their slogan thus goes, â€Å"We never pass defect to customers.†Secondly, I was also amazed by team work at J&J. Thus J&J’s engineering team collaborated well with their Servo Dynamics in studying, planning, implementing as well as integrating the vision system with the factory first.J&J has also effectively managed in resolving sensor error problem .This has effectively reduced the manufacturing downtime by rate to zero percent (Shreefal, 2008). Following the success of vision technology systems, J&J is seriously pondering extending putting in place vision systems in the manufacturing lines of the rest of the products so as to manage high demand from the market. Maintenance of has always been, continues to be J&J’S key and first

Homeless brings atrocious effects to a country Research Paper

Homeless brings atrocious effects to a country - Research Paper Example Countless research findings point out that the experience of the homeless prevents the physical, psychological, social, and behavioral development of a person (Hovington-Neville 2012). When a large portion of a country’s population is residing without a permanent, house, several stressors can be especially detrimental to the country’s economic status and social well-being. The following paper discusses and analyzes the adverse effects of homelessness in the United States from an individual and holistic point of view. Homelessness brings atrocious effects to a country from a social, health, and economic point of view. Homelessness affects a country socially in terms of picking up the expense of basic needs and services. Among the basic needs are social isolation, premature pregnancies, and the mental wellbeing of children. Paying for these services is the role of the government, and the higher the cost is, the more the country’s budget and focus on infrastructure is affected negatively (Dennis 105). Since the homeless often undergo numerous kinds of social isolation, the solution out of this isolation is not direct. Social isolation is unacceptable in terms of human liberties, especially in a wealthy country like the United States. Unplanned pregnancies by the homeless mean an entire new generation will be born into the homeless population, thereby making the social impact of this problem less solvable. The damage occurs when the child lacks food, proper physical and emotional care, and standard education. Reason One-The harm caused the lack of food also brings about an extreme form of social isolation. Homelessness is a strong sign of social unfairness in any country (Smith 44). Most people become isolated when their economic incapacitation restricts or fully inhibits their opportunity to partake in the mainstream community. Isolation happens when the mainstream community