Offshore Drilling Impacts And Solutions Environmental Sciences Essay

Offshore Drilling Impacts And Solutions Environmental Sciences EssayNowadays, there is a growing demand for hydrocarbons in the human being market. This study was to determine the impacts of onshore oil production to the aquatic lives and methods to sign it. Offshore drilling is the process to discover the hydrocarbons by drilling explorative boreholes or wells on the seabed. The ocean is not that vast to dilute all the chemicals that had been discarding to it. The chemicals that remained in the sea be called pollutant. This research paper leave behind discussed three main impacts of inshore drilling and three suggested solutions to castrate it. The three impacts are offshore drilling operation noises pull up stakes destructed marine lives, improper disposal of waste products go forth poisoned marine lives, and oil tattle accidents will gradually killed marine lives. As human is at the top of the pabulum chain, which receives the greatest impact, should find solutions t o save ourselves. The three suggested solutions are government and organizations should enhance the rules and policies respectively, professionals should run across accepting Khan and Islams flipper sustainable management clay sculptures and punish to work them out, and professionals should utilization their knowledge to improve monitoring and develop strategies. Therefore, concluded that human should try to protect the marine lives from being sacrifice beca expenditure of us.Offshore Drilling Impacts and SolutionsPetroleum hydrocarbons play a very important role in society (Khan Islam, 2008). Nowadays, great deal tend to rely very much on the subprogram of gas, petrol and oil. Hence, the growing demand for petroleum hydrocarbons on the world market has cause the schooling and production of oil resources to grow rapidly (The Prevention of Pollution from Offshore Installations, 2002). Gbadebo, Taiwo and Eughele (2010) stated that the only way to confirm the presence of hydro carbons in an identified shiny geological structure is to drill exploratory boreholes or wells (p.284). It is well known and generally accepted that the waste products of the offshore drilling activities are usually dumped into the sea (Khan Islam, 2008). The ocean is not as vast as people thought. It could not dilute all the chemicals that had been disposing to it, thus, the waste products of offshore drilling and the oil spill accidents are substantially ca exploitation defilement to the ocean (Pollution in the Ocean, 2007). The main purpose of this research paper is to identify the consequences of offshore drilling to the marine lives and solutions to reduce it. Practicing offshore drilling will gradually disturb the communication calls of marine lives (Offshore exploration and Exploitation in the Mediterranean, 2012), improper disposal of chemical waste products will toxic the marine species (Gbadebo, Taiwo Eughele, 2010), and oil spill accident will cause deaths of a wide variety of marine species. Therefore, we have come out with well-nigh suggestions to decrease the pollution level. Government and concerned organizations should enhance the rules and reinforce the policies (Amos, 2011) professionals should consider to adopt the theory-based idea of the five sustainable management models of Khan and Islam (Khan Islam, 2008), and scientists and professionals should use their knowledge to improve monitoring and continue to develop pollution source-reduction strategies (Pollution in the Ocean, 2007).Very few people actually realize that the operating noise engender from offshore oil drilling can put aquatic animals lives at risk (Offshore Exploration and Exploitation in the Mediterranean, 2012). There are approximately 119 species of aquatic animals use sound as their primary sense (Pollution in the Ocean, 2007). They use sound to communicate, navigate and forage (Pollution in the ocean). However, the loud noise made by the drilling operations of of fshore oil and gas production and other noises generated by human activities will confuse them, hence, causing them to do abnormal things much(prenominal) as stranding. According to The National Academies, in March 2000, fourteen beaked whales and two minke whales became stranded six of the beaked whales tired (Pollution in the Ocean). Autopsies revealed three of the beached whales bleeding in the inner ears and one whale has inner bleeding in its brain (Pollution in the Ocean). Many of the impacts of offshore activities on marine environments are inconstant, as the complex relations between many types of species in marine ecosystems and difficulties associated with conducting research at depth (Amos, 2011). Thus, there is still lacking of scientific evidence to prove the actual impact of the short and yen term effects of noise on marine mammals. Nonetheless, we can still assure that the noises of sea activities had disrupted the sense of the marine mammals, causing them to have difficulties to communicate, navigate, and forage.In addition, the mankind are very concern about the improper disposals of chemical waste products. This is because they afraid that the marine species will exhaust poisoned and they afraid of eating them (Gbadebo, Taiwo Eughele, 2010). The accumulated toxicity in the fish can cause illness, sometimes fatal, to anything or anyone that consumed it thus, will destroying the food chain and reproductive roll (Rose, 2009). According to American petroleum institute (API) (1989) as cited in Khan Islam (2008), both the well cuttings and the drilling fluids compose about 2% of the total exploratory wastes. Besides, there were two recent studies do research on the impact of drill cuttings from offshore installations on corals and marine worms (Offshore Exploration and Exploitation in the Mediterranean, 2012). The depression result shows that the coral were able to withstand and self-clean in short period of time however, the coral will sm other and started to die over weeks (Offshore exploration and evolution in the Mediterranean). Whereas, the second result shows that the populations of marine worms are decreasing when exposed to concentrations of barium, which is a similar heavy metal in drill cuttings. Taking Dibi and Ewan offshore wells as background, the result shows that the concentrations of various polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons analyzed in cuttings from both oil wells are very high (Gbadebo, Taiwo Eughele, 2010). If the drilling wastes are not discharged properly, it will endanger the marine lives and also our health (Gbadebo et al.). The results of heavy metals analyses also tell us that the concentrations in the cuttings and mud are high, which could star topology to bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms (Gbadebo et al.). If anyone accidentally eats those aquatic organisms, he or she might get sick easily.The problems of oil spill accident happened around the world (Offshore Exploration and Exploitati on in the Mediterranean, 2012). Oil spill accident, such as the disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, causes deaths of a wide variety of marine species (Offshore Exploration and Exploitation in the Mediterranean, 2012). When there is a quick flow and concentrated oil during a spill makes them especially harmful to localized marine organisms and communities, plants and animals that coat with oil will cause them to die (Rose, 2009). Oil that covered the surface of the animals, such as sea gull, cannot keep its body warm will die in the Artic whereas, when there is a layer of oil covered the surface of sea, sunlight will be difficult to reach the the seabed. Since it needs a long time to recover the sea, the plants and animals live on seabed will gradually die. Therefore, in June 2010, National Energy Board ( flier), Canadas federal energy regulator, organized a review of safety and environmental protection requirements for Canadian Arctic offshore drilling for oil and gas (Amos, 2011).Despi te the great economic and social benefits, public also concern about the solutions to reduce the impact of offshore drilling activity (Khan Islam, 2008). Government and related organizations should strengthen the rules and improve the policies (Amos, 2011). Government should always take positive feedback to the public when a new method is in probation (Pollution in the ocean, 2007). This is to convince and to increase peoples confidence level towards that new method. Given the disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, NEB should learnt the lesson and strengthen the offshore drilling safety requirements (Amos, 2011). In order to strengthen the rules applied to future Arctic offshore exploration NEB should maintain the capability requirement of same season relief well (SSRW), improves policy, regulatory and liability requirements polish the comprehensive filing requisites for future applications for offshore drilling requiring thorough ecological baseline studies (Amos).Khan and Islam had rev iewed the new environmental management techniques on solving the existing problems of offshore oil and gas drilling. Professionals should consider adopting the theoretical idea of the five sustainable management models, which were marine protected ambits in oil sites (MPAOS), ocean fertilization and CO2 utilization (OFCU), integrated coastal pollution balancing (ICPB), artificial recruitment in fisheries (ARFS), and artificial rigs from oil rigs (AROR) (Khan Islam, 2008). Professionals should take a look on the idea of them to generate more applicable methods for reduce the level of pollution in ocean. Scientists should choose the applicable theory to undergo experimental studies, understand how these proposals will function in real ecosystem context. MPAOS model is to delimit an oil site as a protected area (Khan Islam, 2008). This could protect and improve fisheries production. Since the fishes are protected, hence, we no need worry about the toxicity of the fishes. Secondly, OFCU model is the idea of balancing carbon dioxide emissions by sinking enough organic carbon in the ocean bottom. Thirdly, ICPB model is to apply the linguistic rule of bioremediation or food web enhancement to utilize the runoff oils and pollution through balancing ecosystem components. Fourthly, ARFS model is the idea of compensate the fisheries production of certain species in a targeted area and to restore the stocks. Lastly, AROR is the idea to keep the original sites of the abandoned rigs to establish a reef community or transported to another planned site. The models are following the principle of natural functions in marine environment and take into account ecological, biological, and technological factors (Khan Islam). The impact of offshore drilling will be lightening by applying these five models.Professionals should use their knowledge to improve monitoring and continue to develop pollution source-reduction strategies (Pollution in the Ocean, 2007). It is difficult t o clean up oil spills. In those days, people use complicated method such as water shut-off, bottom separation and down-hole separation of oil and water (The prevention of pollution from offshore installations, 2002). Nowadays, they usually use biological agents to break down the oil, use materials that absorb oil, and gelling agents that make oil easier to skim from the surface. People also physically clean up the spills by using high- pressure water hoses on shores and cleaning oil off from animals (Pollution in the Ocean). These methods were used because of the improvement of technologies and sciences. Therefore, the professionals should work hard to figure out easier method to influence the oil spill problem. Scientists should work together to find the solutions from reduce the harm towards the living organisms in the sea whereas, the technicians should invent other types of machine that will do less harm to the environment (Tyack, 2008).In conclusion, human should safe the marin e species because the innocent marine lives are suffering because of our selfishness. We should know that practicing offshore drilling will disrupt the main sense of marine lives to hunt, communicate and navigate (Offshore Exploration and Exploitation in the Mediterranean, 2012). In addition, improper disposal of chemical waste products of offshore drilling will toxic the marine lives (Gbadebo, Taiwo Eughele, 2010). Moreover, oil spill accident will cause deaths of a wide variety of marine species. Considering human is at the top of the food chain, which will receives the greatest impact, we should stand up and do something for rescue ourselves. Thus, government and concerned organizations should strengthen the rules and improve the policies (Amos, 2011). Furthermore, professionals should consider to accept and throng out the theoretical idea of the five sustainable management models (Khan Islam, 2008). Additionally, scientists and professionals should use their knowledge to impr ove and develop pollution source-reduction strategies (Pollution in the Ocean, 2007).