The Long Term Health Consequences Of Deprived Prenatal...

The long-term health consequences of deprived prenatal nutrition are a significant concern on a global scale. Nutrition, as an environmental factor, plays an important role in stimulating alterations in various epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Specific dietary stressors can create epigenetic variations to the present lifetime but also to successive generations. Epidemiological and experimental studies highlight the association between adult health and early-life maternal nutritional stressors such as under-nutrition, malnutrition and over-nutrition. Gestational maternal nutrition is a critical intrauterine factor which changes offspring epigenome. Numerous animal and human model studies reveal that†¦show more content†¦Pregnant mothers require greater energy inputs and when these requirements are sufficient because of poor diets, long-term diseases in offspring develop (Langley-Evans, 2006). Fetal developmental periods are critical to h uman life as a majority of the epigenetic programming events take place during this time. Maternal under-nutrition during critical periods (fetal programming) is an important predictor of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (Lakshmy, 2013). The underlying â€Å"fetal programming† hypothesis indicates that during critical periods of fetal development, changes in the prenatal environment cause the differential expression of genes affecting offspring phenotype later on (Lakshmy, 2013).The Barker’s Early Origins Hypothesis states that unfavourable fetal growth and poor nutrition may contribute to and increases risk of chronic disease because under-nutrition in prenatal environments alters the fetuses’ body structure, physiology and metabolism (Vaiserman, 2014). This concept is present in current North American populations with the growing obesity epidemic due to excessive carbohydrate and sugar intake during gestation. Understanding the epig enetic modulation of maternal nutrition on offspring health is essential as chronic disease rates are increasing in most of the developing and industrialized nations. The knowledge accumulated through understanding this phenomenon may be important to

Argumentative Essay on War Motivations

Argumentative Essay on War Motivations War is, first of all, a behavior pattern that means a definite state of organized conflict between two or more social entities. The main reason for such a conflict is an attempt to be on top of hierarchy either psychological or material. Aspect of domination is basic for all wars throughout history. But all over the history war was undertaken as noble. Nowadays we can postulate war not only as undesirable but also as morally problematic issue. Are there reasonable causes to start a war? It is obvious that the issue is deeper than it seems. Pacifists will surely announce that there are no fair reasons to start any kind of war. Other point of view lies in accepting perceived threat as possible viable reason for a war. But in this case there are some questions to be answered. When does this threat become a serious reason for a war? What are after-effects or consequences of ignoring the upcoming threat? How much time should pass from the moment when the threat appears to the moment when actions need to be taken? Threats also can be different. Are they life-important? In terms of war we understand threat as threat to human existence: scarce and deficient resources or incompatible ideology. The unchangeable factor for all kind of wars is the usage of organized violence and destruction of lives and property. Anyway, injustice also develops; it also has dynamics. And the question is: should people risk their lives fighting or should they risk becoming victims? Modern international law accepts only two types of wars: war of defense and wars that are sanctioned by UN Security Council (for example, peace keeping operations). To sum up we’d better use words of Carl Von Clausewitz: Every age has its own kind of war, its own limiting conditions and its own peculiar preconceptions.

There is More to Rap Music Than Just Violent Lyrics Essay

There is More to Rap Music Than Just Violent Lyrics ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to show that there is more to rap and hip hop lyrics than what most people take them for. It cannot be disputed that violence is a major theme in this genre of music, but the lyrics of artists who have been able to stay in the game for a long time show that overtime the subject of their song matter varies with their experiences and success. Two artists who are very well respected in the rap industry and who have been around for awhile, Nas and Jay-Z both show a wide variety of topics in their music and that with success their music went from violent tales to songs that are more fun, more positive and more concerned with material things. Using a†¦show more content†¦Jay-Z explains in one song#8230;I never prayed to God, a Pray to Gotti. The desire for material things is something very common to those that are listening. Jay-Z, coming from the same back round writes songs on things he knows and surrounds him. Besides the hunger another su bject that is very common to this subculture is violence. It is not a coincidence that violence is a subject matter prevalent in both the music and the subculture. Like Donna Gaines, Nas and Jay-Z acts as sociologists reporting what they see. Nas writes on the graphic violence that he is accustomed to#8230;Straight up *censored* is real and any day could be your last in the jungle get murdered on the humble, gunsll blast, niggaz tumble the corners is the hot spot, full of mad criminals who dont care guzzling beers#8230; Donna Gaines writes that she has observed that the burnouts drink in front of a 7-11, Nas also explains that criminals hang out on the corner. Both Donna and Nas write about what they observe. It is true that violence is a major theme in this music, but that is because the artists are writing about the real issues that are present in the subculture whom they are part of. If Jay-Z and Nas continued to write song lyrics covering the same things in their first album in their later ones, than it could be argued there is too much nonsense and violence in lyrics. However, that is notShow MoreRelatedEssay about Rap Music and Teen Violence 944 Words   |  4 PagesMusic can be a reflection of our life experiences. Each genre of music invokes different emotions and reactions in its listeners. Rap has become a very popular genre of music. As its popularity has increased, some people have questioned whether it can trigger violence in teens. While some rap songs do have violent lyrics, there is no direct evidence that rap music provokes violence in teenagers. Rap music has African roots just like jazz, the blues and rock ‘n’ roll. 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An overtlyRead MoreEssay on Rap and Hip Hop Do Not Affect Society Negatively987 Words   |  4 Pages Rap and hip hop music have been debated many times over the years about whether or not this choice of music affects society negatively. As you will learn from this presentation, rap does not affect society negatively and is a great choice of music. It helps save lives, relieves stress, and tells vital messages to learn from. According to dictionary.com, the definition of hip hop is defined as, â€Å"the popular subculture of big-city teenagers, which includes rap music, breakdancing, and graffiti artRead MoreRegulating Children And Teen s Music Choice1343 Words   |  6 PagesRegulate Children and Teen’s Music Choice Music is prevalent and can be heard in a plethora of places such as, grocery stores, on the radio, and even on commercials. There are thousands of different genres of music that all serve the same purpose. 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Basic Business Law for Carbolic Smoke Ball Company -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBasic Business Law for Carbolic Smoke Ball Company. Answer: Facts of the case Carlil Smoke Ball Co. (Def) had made to pay 100 pounds to the person who contracts flu after using smoke ball. The Carlil Smoke ball Co. Asserted to cure for influenza and the other diseases. The smoke ball was rubbers Carlil (plaintiff) used the Smoke ball but contact flu. The Carbolic Smoke Ball Co produced the 'Carbolic Smoke Ball' that is designed to avert users suffering influenza or related disease. The ad for the product was as follows: Carlil Smoke Ball Co. (Def) will pay a reward of 100 pounds reward to an individual who contracts the growing epidemic influenza, colds, or any disease from cold, subsequent to using the ball three times daily for two weeks as per the directions given with each ball. Further the advert stated that a sum of 1,000 pounds is deposited with the Alliance Bank, Regent Street, in regard of performance in the matter(McKendrick, 2014). Mrs Louisa Elizabeth Carlill purchased the balls and used it as per the mentioned direction, three times a day, from November 20, 1891, to January 17, 1892, while she contracted influenza. Due to this she claimed the compensation; where The Company declined to pay, even after getting a notice from the solicitor(ACL,2013). Arguments of the plaintiff Mrs. Carlil sued the company arguing existence of contract between the parties while considering her confidence in the product. The advertisement made by Carlil Smoke Ball is a valid offer and was not an empty swank. It was made to the public and an individual does the particular act there is a contract. Performance of the act comprise acceptance for which further communication is not important. In case of an open offer, nothing can be introduced supplementary than the fulfillment of the conditions. Such an offer doesnt require a notice for fulfilling the condition. There is a binding contract and the terms were not indistinct and unsure(Jalil, 2011). Arguments of the defendant Carbolic Smoke Ball Co said that there was no binding contract and the advertisement expressed an intention, that doesnt create a legal obligation. The advertisement was unclear to constitute a contract, as there was no consideration from the plaintiff. The supposed contract enables an individual to steal and use the balls in order to claim the reward. In order to perform a contract, there needs to be communication of purpose to accept the offer. According to Carbolic Smoke ball simply performing an act in private is not enough to consider it as a contract(Knapp, Crystal Prince,2016). Reason for the decision of the case It was noted that the advertisement constituted an offer. There was a binding contract. The offer was too unclear to constitute an offer due to an absence of fixed time limit for catching influenza. The intention behind the advertisement was clear that directly states the purpose for creating legal relationship. Decision of the court I do agree with the judgment given by Lord Justice Lindley on the following grounds: The advertisement in its plain meaning was meant for the community and to be read by the public. The purpose was to instigate sales and to attract people to use smoke ball. For the reason an offer has to be made to the world at large. The contract would be made with those who fulfill the condition attached with it(Smits, 2017). It is not possible to be informed of acceptance of the offer, and the performance of act. The Consideration exists at the time when sale was made. Carbolic Smoke ball has clearly stated its intention in the advertisement. The purpose was to create a legal obligation. There was consideration for some reason to promote their sale. The intention is pretty much clear. The situation was not vague and clearly states a commitment to pay a sum in case of non-fulfillment of mentioned situation (McKendrick,2014). An offer can be made to the whole world will be fulfilled as and when an individual fulfill the obligation. There is no necessity to notify the acceptance - There is no need for notification of acceptance in case of an open offer. Anyone can accept the offer under such a situation. The offeror will be responsible to fulfill all the obligations attached with it. An inference need to be made from the transaction itself in order to perform the condition. This condition doesnt attract notification. Furthermore, the act was not a mere puff. Lord Justice Lindley stated that - the deposit of a sum with the bank showcases genuineness. This would be an insensitive thing to guarantee such sums to individuals unless possible to confirm their method of using it(Poole, Devenney Shaw-Mellors,2017). References ACL, (2013). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256.(ONLINE). Retrieved from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/carlill.html Accessed on: 9 October 2017 Jalil, A. (2011). Clarification of rules of acceptance in making business contracts.J. Pol. L.,4, 109. Knapp, C. L., Crystal, N. M., Prince, H. G. (2016).Problems in Contract Law: cases and materials. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. McKendrick, E. (2014).Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Poole, J., Devenney, J., Shaw-Mellors, A. (2017).Contract Law Concentrate: Law Revision and Study Guide. Oxford University Press. Smits, J. M. (Ed.). (2017).Contract law: a comparative introduction. Edward Elgar Publishing.